面部情感识别是识别心理学用来诊断患者的重要工具之一。面部和面部情感识别是机器学习卓越的领域。由于不同的环境，例如照明条件，姿势变化，偏航运动和遮挡，面部情绪识别是对数字图像处理的开放挑战。深度学习方法已显示出图像识别的显着改善。但是，准确性和时间仍然需要改进。这项研究旨在在训练期间提高面部情绪识别的准确性，并使用Extreme Learning Machine（CNNeelm）增强的修改后的卷积神经网络减少处理时间。该系统需要（CNNeelm）提高培训期间图像注册的准确性。此外，该系统通过拟议的CNNeelm模型认识到六种面部情绪快乐，悲伤，厌恶，恐惧，惊喜和中立。研究表明，与经过改进的随机梯度下降（SGD）技术相比，总体面部情绪识别精度的提高了2％。借助Extreme Learning Machine（ELM）分类器，处理时间从113ms中降至65ms，可以从20fps的视频剪辑中平滑地对每个帧进行分类。使用预先训练的InceptionV3模型，建议使用JAFFE，CK+和FER2013表达数据集训练所提出的CNNeelm模型。仿真结果显示出准确性和处理时间的显着改善，使该模型适合视频分析过程。此外，该研究解决了处理面部图像所需的大量处理时间的问题。

Deep learning models are being increasingly applied to imbalanced data in high stakes fields such as medicine, autonomous driving, and intelligence analysis. Imbalanced data compounds the black-box nature of deep networks because the relationships between classes may be highly skewed and unclear. This can reduce trust by model users and hamper the progress of developers of imbalanced learning algorithms. Existing methods that investigate imbalanced data complexity are geared toward binary classification, shallow learning models and low dimensional data. In addition, current eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) techniques mainly focus on converting opaque deep learning models into simpler models (e.g., decision trees) or mapping predictions for specific instances to inputs, instead of examining global data properties and complexities. Therefore, there is a need for a framework that is tailored to modern deep networks, that incorporates large, high dimensional, multi-class datasets, and uncovers data complexities commonly found in imbalanced data (e.g., class overlap, sub-concepts, and outlier instances). We propose a set of techniques that can be used by both deep learning model users to identify, visualize and understand class prototypes, sub-concepts and outlier instances; and by imbalanced learning algorithm developers to detect features and class exemplars that are key to model performance. Our framework also identifies instances that reside on the border of class decision boundaries, which can carry highly discriminative information. Unlike many existing XAI techniques which map model decisions to gray-scale pixel locations, we use saliency through back-propagation to identify and aggregate image color bands across entire classes. Our framework is publicly available at \url{https://github.com/dd1github/XAI_for_Imbalanced_Learning}

Empirical studies suggest that machine learning models trained with empirical risk minimization (ERM) often rely on attributes that may be spuriously correlated with the class labels. Such models typically lead to poor performance during inference for data lacking such correlations. In this work, we explicitly consider a situation where potential spurious correlations are present in the majority of training data. In contrast with existing approaches, which use the ERM model outputs to detect the samples without spurious correlations, and either heuristically upweighting or upsampling those samples; we propose the logit correction (LC) loss, a simple yet effective improvement on the softmax cross-entropy loss, to correct the sample logit. We demonstrate that minimizing the LC loss is equivalent to maximizing the group-balanced accuracy, so the proposed LC could mitigate the negative impacts of spurious correlations. Our extensive experimental results further reveal that the proposed LC loss outperforms the SoTA solutions on multiple popular benchmarks by a large margin, an average 5.5% absolute improvement, without access to spurious attribute labels. LC is also competitive with oracle methods that make use of the attribute labels. Code is available at https://github.com/shengliu66/LC.

We can protect user data privacy via many approaches, such as statistical transformation or generative models. However, each of them has critical drawbacks. On the one hand, creating a transformed data set using conventional techniques is highly time-consuming. On the other hand, in addition to long training phases, recent deep learning-based solutions require significant computational resources. In this paper, we propose PrivateSMOTE, a technique designed for competitive effectiveness in protecting cases at maximum risk of re-identification while requiring much less time and computational resources. It works by synthetic data generation via interpolation to obfuscate high-risk cases while minimizing data utility loss of the original data. Compared to multiple conventional and state-of-the-art privacy-preservation methods on 20 data sets, PrivateSMOTE demonstrates competitive results in re-identification risk. Also, it presents similar or higher predictive performance than the baselines, including generative adversarial networks and variational autoencoders, reducing their energy consumption and time requirements by a minimum factor of 9 and 12, respectively.

Link prediction is a crucial problem in graph-structured data. Due to the recent success of graph neural networks (GNNs), a variety of GNN-based models were proposed to tackle the link prediction task. Specifically, GNNs leverage the message passing paradigm to obtain node representation, which relies on link connectivity. However, in a link prediction task, links in the training set are always present while ones in the testing set are not yet formed, resulting in a discrepancy of the connectivity pattern and bias of the learned representation. It leads to a problem of dataset shift which degrades the model performance. In this paper, we first identify the dataset shift problem in the link prediction task and provide theoretical analyses on how existing link prediction methods are vulnerable to it. We then propose FakeEdge, a model-agnostic technique, to address the problem by mitigating the graph topological gap between training and testing sets. Extensive experiments demonstrate the applicability and superiority of FakeEdge on multiple datasets across various domains.

牡蛎是海洋的活真空吸尘器。由于过度收获，牡蛎人口呈指数下降。随着自动化和AI的当前发展，机器人正成为环境监测过程中不可或缺的一部分，该过程也可以用于牡蛎礁保存。然而，水下环境构成了许多困难，包括实用的危险和耗时的操作以及技术观点 - 扭曲的感知和不可靠的导航。为此，我们提出了一个模拟环境，可用于改善牡蛎礁监测。模拟环境可用于创建具有多个传感器数据和远程操作车辆（ROV）的地面真相位置的照片真实的图像数据集。当前，没有用于牡蛎礁监视的照片真实图像数据集。因此，我们希望为水下社区提供新的基准套件。

尽管图神经网络（GNNS）已经证明了它们在处理非欧国人结构数据方面的功效，但由于多跳数据依赖性施加的可伸缩性约束，因此很难将它们部署在实际应用中。现有方法试图通过使用训练有素的GNN的标签训练多层感知器（MLP）来解决此可伸缩性问题。即使可以显着改善MLP的性能，但两个问题仍能阻止MLP的表现优于GNN并在实践中使用：图形结构信息的无知和对节点功能噪声的敏感性。在本文中，我们建议在图（NOSMOG）上学习噪声稳定结构感知的MLP，以克服挑战。具体而言，我们首先将节点内容与位置功能进行补充，以帮助MLP捕获图形结构信息。然后，我们设计了一种新颖的表示相似性蒸馏策略，以将结构节点相似性注入MLP。最后，我们介绍了对抗性功能的扩展，以确保稳定的学习能力噪声，并进一步提高性能。广泛的实验表明，在七个数据集中，NOSMOG在转导和归纳环境中均优于GNN和最先进的方法，同时保持竞争性推理效率。

生成的自我监督学习（SSL），尤其是蒙面自动编码器，已成为最令人兴奋的学习范式之一，并且在处理图形数据方面表现出了巨大的潜力。但是，现实世界图总是异质的，它提出了现有方法忽略的三个关键挑战：1）如何捕获复杂的图形结构？ 2）如何合并各种节点属性？ 3）如何编码不同的节点位置？鉴于此，我们研究了异质图上生成SSL的问题，并提出了HGMAE，这是一种新型的异质图掩盖自动编码器模型，以应对这些挑战。 HGMAE通过两种创新的掩蔽技术和三种独特的培训策略捕获了全面的图形信息。特别是，我们首先使用动态掩模速率开发Metapath掩盖和自适应属性掩蔽，以实现在异质图上有效和稳定的学习。然后，我们设计了几种培训策略，包括基于Metapath的边缘重建，以采用复杂的结构信息，目标属性恢复以结合各种节点属性，以及位置特征预测以编码节点位置信息。广泛的实验表明，HGMAE在多个数据集上的几个任务上均优于对比度和生成的最新基准。

必须密切监控网络物理系统（CPS），以识别并潜在地缓解其常规操作期间出现的新兴问题。但是，他们通常产生的多元时间序列数据可能很复杂，可以理解和分析。虽然正式的产品文档通常会提供诊断建议的示例数据图，但属性，关键阈值和数据交互的纯粹多样性可能会使非专家们不知所措，他们随后从讨论论坛中寻求帮助来解释其数据日志。深度学习模型，例如长期记忆（LSTM）网络，可用于自动化这些任务，并提供对实时多元数据流中检测到的各种异常的明确解释。在本文中，我们介绍了RESAM，该过程是一项需求过程，该过程旨在整合领域专家，讨论论坛和正式产品文档的知识，以以时间序列属性的形式发现和指定需求和设计定义，这些属性有助于构建有效的深度学习异常检测器。我们提出了一个基于针对小型无空天空系统的飞行控制系统的案例研究，并证明其使用指导有效的异常检测模型的构建，同时还为解释性提供了基本支持。 RESAM与开放或关闭的在线论坛为日志分析提供讨论支持的域相关。

数字虚假信息的传播（又称“假新闻”）可以说是互联网上最重要的威胁之一，它可能造成大规模的个人和社会伤害。虚假新闻攻击的敏感性取决于互联网用户在阅读后是否认为虚假新闻文章/摘要是合法的。在本文中，我们试图通过神经认知方法来深入了解用户对以文本为中心的假新闻攻击的敏感性。我们通过脑电图调查了与假/真实新闻有关的神经基础。我们与人类用户进行实验，以彻底调查用户对假/真实新闻的认知处理和认知处理。我们分析了不同类别新闻文章的假/真实新闻检测任务相关的神经活动。我们的结果表明，在人脑处理假新闻与真实新闻的方式上可能没有统计学意义或自动可推断的差异，而当人们受到（真实/假）新闻与安息状态甚至之间的差异时，会观察到明显的差异一些不同类别的假新闻。这一神经认知发现可能有助于证明用户对假新闻攻击的敏感性，这也从行为分析中得到了证实。换句话说，假新闻文章似乎与行为和神经领域的真实新闻文章几乎没有区别。我们的作品旨在剖析假新闻攻击的基本神经现象，并通过人类生物学的极限解释了用户对这些攻击的敏感性。我们认为，对于研究人员和从业者来说，这可能是一个显着的见解楷模